{"id":66190,"date":"2012-03-30T19:23:35","date_gmt":"2012-03-30T19:23:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/article\/replacing-a-parking-structure-deck_o"},"modified":"2012-03-30T19:23:35","modified_gmt":"2012-03-30T19:23:35","slug":"replacing-a-parking-structure-deck_o","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/how-to\/construction\/replacing-a-parking-structure-deck_o\/","title":{"rendered":"Replacing a Parking Structure Deck"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n<div class=\"image-carousel\"\n\trole=\"region\"\n\taria-roledescription=\"carousel\"\n\taria-label=\"Image carousel\"\n\tdata-total-slides=\"10\"\n\t>\n\n\t<div class=\"image-carousel-top\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"carousel-counter\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"current-index\">1<\/span>\n\t\t\tof\t\t\t<span class=\"total-count\">10<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<div class=\"image-carousel__hero-wrapper\">\n\t\t<button class=\"carousel-prev\"\n\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Previous slide\"\n\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"carousel-main\" aria-live=\"polite\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-slide active\"\n\t\t\t\t\tid=\"carousel-slide-0\"\n\t\t\t\t\trole=\"tabpanel\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-roledescription=\"slide\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Slide 1 of 10\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"false\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Load the first image immediately at full size -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5396-2etmp-tcm45-1190926.jpg?w=642\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsrcset=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5396-2etmp-tcm45-1190926.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5396-2etmp-tcm45-1190926.jpg?resize=300,171 300w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5396-2etmp-tcm45-1190926.jpg?resize=768,439 768w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5396-2etmp-tcm45-1190926.jpg?resize=1024,585 1024w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5396-2etmp-tcm45-1190926.jpg?resize=642,367 642w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5396-2etmp-tcm45-1190926.jpg?resize=310,177 310w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5396-2etmp-tcm45-1190926.jpg?resize=200,114 200w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5396-2etmp-tcm45-1190926.jpg?resize=229,131 229w\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsizes=\"(max-width: 642px) 100vw, 642px\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"The exterior grade allowed the two levels to be accessed from outside, eliminating the need for an interior ramp.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-caption=\"The exterior grade allowed the two levels to be accessed from outside, eliminating the need for an interior ramp.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-credit=\"Gregory P. Chacos\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-slide hidden\"\n\t\t\t\t\tid=\"carousel-slide-1\"\n\t\t\t\t\trole=\"tabpanel\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-roledescription=\"slide\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Slide 2 of 10\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Lazy load other main images with data-src to be loaded only when needed -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5397-2etmp-tcm45-1190927.jpg?w=600\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsrcset=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5397-2etmp-tcm45-1190927.jpg 600w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5397-2etmp-tcm45-1190927.jpg?resize=300,157 300w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5397-2etmp-tcm45-1190927.jpg?resize=315,165 315w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5397-2etmp-tcm45-1190927.jpg?resize=202,106 202w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5397-2etmp-tcm45-1190927.jpg?resize=232,121 232w\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"The structure\u2019s exterior walls are loadbearing brick.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"lazy-load-image\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tloading=\"lazy\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-caption=\"The structure\u2019s exterior walls are loadbearing brick.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-credit=\"Gregory P. Chacos\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-slide hidden\"\n\t\t\t\t\tid=\"carousel-slide-2\"\n\t\t\t\t\trole=\"tabpanel\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-roledescription=\"slide\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Slide 3 of 10\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Lazy load other main images with data-src to be loaded only when needed -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5398-2etmp-tcm45-1190928.jpg?w=489\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsrcset=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5398-2etmp-tcm45-1190928.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5398-2etmp-tcm45-1190928.jpg?resize=300,225 300w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5398-2etmp-tcm45-1190928.jpg?resize=768,576 768w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5398-2etmp-tcm45-1190928.jpg?resize=1024,768 1024w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5398-2etmp-tcm45-1190928.jpg?resize=489,367 489w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5398-2etmp-tcm45-1190928.jpg?resize=236,177 236w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5398-2etmp-tcm45-1190928.jpg?resize=152,114 152w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5398-2etmp-tcm45-1190928.jpg?resize=175,131 175w\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsizes=\"(max-width: 489px) 100vw, 489px\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"Workers placed shoring beneath the slab sections prior to cutting into squares. \"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"lazy-load-image\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tloading=\"lazy\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-caption=\"Workers placed shoring beneath the slab sections prior to cutting into squares.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-credit=\"Gregory P. Chacos\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-slide hidden\"\n\t\t\t\t\tid=\"carousel-slide-3\"\n\t\t\t\t\trole=\"tabpanel\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-roledescription=\"slide\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Slide 4 of 10\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Lazy load other main images with data-src to be loaded only when needed -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5399-2etmp-tcm45-1190929.jpg?w=489\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsrcset=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5399-2etmp-tcm45-1190929.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5399-2etmp-tcm45-1190929.jpg?resize=300,225 300w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5399-2etmp-tcm45-1190929.jpg?resize=768,576 768w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5399-2etmp-tcm45-1190929.jpg?resize=1024,768 1024w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5399-2etmp-tcm45-1190929.jpg?resize=1536,1152 1536w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5399-2etmp-tcm45-1190929.jpg?resize=489,367 489w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5399-2etmp-tcm45-1190929.jpg?resize=236,177 236w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5399-2etmp-tcm45-1190929.jpg?resize=152,114 152w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5399-2etmp-tcm45-1190929.jpg?resize=175,131 175w\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsizes=\"(max-width: 489px) 100vw, 489px\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"The cut slab sections were transported offsite for reuse as paving in the contractor\u2019s yard.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"lazy-load-image\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tloading=\"lazy\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-caption=\"The cut slab sections were transported offsite for reuse as paving in the contractor\u2019s yard.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-credit=\"Gregory P. Chacos\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-slide hidden\"\n\t\t\t\t\tid=\"carousel-slide-4\"\n\t\t\t\t\trole=\"tabpanel\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-roledescription=\"slide\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Slide 5 of 10\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Lazy load other main images with data-src to be loaded only when needed -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539a-2etmp-tcm45-1190930.jpg?w=489\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsrcset=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539a-2etmp-tcm45-1190930.jpg 1750w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539a-2etmp-tcm45-1190930.jpg?resize=300,225 300w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539a-2etmp-tcm45-1190930.jpg?resize=768,576 768w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539a-2etmp-tcm45-1190930.jpg?resize=1024,768 1024w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539a-2etmp-tcm45-1190930.jpg?resize=1536,1152 1536w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539a-2etmp-tcm45-1190930.jpg?resize=489,367 489w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539a-2etmp-tcm45-1190930.jpg?resize=236,177 236w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539a-2etmp-tcm45-1190930.jpg?resize=152,114 152w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539a-2etmp-tcm45-1190930.jpg?resize=175,131 175w\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsizes=\"(max-width: 489px) 100vw, 489px\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"Before starting on construction of the new slab, the entire existing slab was removed. Note the bracing for the exterior masonry walls.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"lazy-load-image\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tloading=\"lazy\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-caption=\"Before starting on construction of the new slab, the entire existing slab was removed. Note the bracing for the exterior masonry walls.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-credit=\"Gregory P. Chacos\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-slide hidden\"\n\t\t\t\t\tid=\"carousel-slide-5\"\n\t\t\t\t\trole=\"tabpanel\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-roledescription=\"slide\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Slide 6 of 10\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Lazy load other main images with data-src to be loaded only when needed -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539b-2etmp-tcm45-1190931.jpg?w=489\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsrcset=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539b-2etmp-tcm45-1190931.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539b-2etmp-tcm45-1190931.jpg?resize=300,225 300w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539b-2etmp-tcm45-1190931.jpg?resize=768,576 768w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539b-2etmp-tcm45-1190931.jpg?resize=1024,768 1024w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539b-2etmp-tcm45-1190931.jpg?resize=489,367 489w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539b-2etmp-tcm45-1190931.jpg?resize=236,177 236w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539b-2etmp-tcm45-1190931.jpg?resize=152,114 152w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539b-2etmp-tcm45-1190931.jpg?resize=175,131 175w\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsizes=\"(max-width: 489px) 100vw, 489px\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"The existing columns were encased in a concrete jacket, which simplified shear and bearing conditions and delivered the new floor loads directly to the footings.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"lazy-load-image\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tloading=\"lazy\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-caption=\"The existing columns were encased in a concrete jacket, which simplified shear and bearing conditions and delivered the new floor loads directly to the footings.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-credit=\"Gregory P. Chacos\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-slide hidden\"\n\t\t\t\t\tid=\"carousel-slide-6\"\n\t\t\t\t\trole=\"tabpanel\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-roledescription=\"slide\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Slide 7 of 10\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Lazy load other main images with data-src to be loaded only when needed -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539c-2etmp-tcm45-1190932.jpg?w=526\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsrcset=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539c-2etmp-tcm45-1190932.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539c-2etmp-tcm45-1190932.jpg?resize=300,209 300w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539c-2etmp-tcm45-1190932.jpg?resize=768,536 768w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539c-2etmp-tcm45-1190932.jpg?resize=1024,714 1024w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539c-2etmp-tcm45-1190932.jpg?resize=526,367 526w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539c-2etmp-tcm45-1190932.jpg?resize=254,177 254w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539c-2etmp-tcm45-1190932.jpg?resize=163,114 163w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539c-2etmp-tcm45-1190932.jpg?resize=188,131 188w\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsizes=\"(max-width: 526px) 100vw, 526px\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"Locating the closure strips along the north and east walls eliminated the need for closure strips within the drainage areas.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"lazy-load-image\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tloading=\"lazy\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-caption=\"Locating the closure strips along the north and east walls eliminated the need for closure strips within the drainage areas.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-credit=\"Gregory P. Chacos\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-slide hidden\"\n\t\t\t\t\tid=\"carousel-slide-7\"\n\t\t\t\t\trole=\"tabpanel\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-roledescription=\"slide\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Slide 8 of 10\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Lazy load other main images with data-src to be loaded only when needed -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539d-2etmp-tcm45-1190933.jpg?w=489\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsrcset=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539d-2etmp-tcm45-1190933.jpg 1750w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539d-2etmp-tcm45-1190933.jpg?resize=300,225 300w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539d-2etmp-tcm45-1190933.jpg?resize=768,576 768w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539d-2etmp-tcm45-1190933.jpg?resize=1024,768 1024w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539d-2etmp-tcm45-1190933.jpg?resize=1536,1152 1536w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539d-2etmp-tcm45-1190933.jpg?resize=489,367 489w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539d-2etmp-tcm45-1190933.jpg?resize=236,177 236w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539d-2etmp-tcm45-1190933.jpg?resize=152,114 152w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539d-2etmp-tcm45-1190933.jpg?resize=175,131 175w\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsizes=\"(max-width: 489px) 100vw, 489px\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"Workers blocked out 4-ft.-wide closure strips along adjacent walls. Note the temporary piping from the roof drains going through the walls.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"lazy-load-image\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tloading=\"lazy\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-caption=\"Workers blocked out 4-ft.-wide closure strips along adjacent walls. Note the temporary piping from the roof drains going through the walls.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-credit=\"Gregory P. Chacos\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-slide hidden\"\n\t\t\t\t\tid=\"carousel-slide-8\"\n\t\t\t\t\trole=\"tabpanel\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-roledescription=\"slide\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Slide 9 of 10\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Lazy load other main images with data-src to be loaded only when needed -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539e-2etmp-tcm45-1190934.jpg?w=353\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsrcset=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539e-2etmp-tcm45-1190934.jpg 1250w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539e-2etmp-tcm45-1190934.jpg?resize=288,300 288w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539e-2etmp-tcm45-1190934.jpg?resize=768,799 768w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539e-2etmp-tcm45-1190934.jpg?resize=985,1024 985w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539e-2etmp-tcm45-1190934.jpg?resize=353,367 353w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539e-2etmp-tcm45-1190934.jpg?resize=170,177 170w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539e-2etmp-tcm45-1190934.jpg?resize=110,114 110w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539e-2etmp-tcm45-1190934.jpg?resize=126,131 126w\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsizes=\"(max-width: 353px) 100vw, 353px\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"The completed upper level parking on the new slab shows that existing buildings can be restored rather than demolished, saving resources.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"lazy-load-image\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tloading=\"lazy\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-caption=\"The completed upper level parking on the new slab shows that existing buildings can be restored rather than demolished, saving resources.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-credit=\"Gregory P. Chacos\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-slide hidden\"\n\t\t\t\t\tid=\"carousel-slide-9\"\n\t\t\t\t\trole=\"tabpanel\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-roledescription=\"slide\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Slide 10 of 10\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Lazy load other main images with data-src to be loaded only when needed -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539f-2etmp-tcm45-1190935.jpg?w=489\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsrcset=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539f-2etmp-tcm45-1190935.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539f-2etmp-tcm45-1190935.jpg?resize=300,225 300w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539f-2etmp-tcm45-1190935.jpg?resize=768,576 768w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539f-2etmp-tcm45-1190935.jpg?resize=1024,768 1024w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539f-2etmp-tcm45-1190935.jpg?resize=489,367 489w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539f-2etmp-tcm45-1190935.jpg?resize=236,177 236w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539f-2etmp-tcm45-1190935.jpg?resize=152,114 152w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539f-2etmp-tcm45-1190935.jpg?resize=175,131 175w\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsizes=\"(max-width: 489px) 100vw, 489px\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"The first floor slab was undamaged by the entire slab replacement above.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"lazy-load-image\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tloading=\"lazy\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-caption=\"The first floor slab was undamaged by the entire slab replacement above.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-credit=\"Gregory P. Chacos\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<button class=\"carousel-next\"\n\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Next slide\"\n\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<div class=\"carousel-captions-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-caption active\"\n\t\t\t\t\tid=\"carousel-caption-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-caption__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"image-credit\">Gregory P. Chacos<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"image-caption\" data-full-caption=\"The exterior grade allowed the two levels to be accessed from outside, eliminating the need for an interior ramp.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption-preview\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe exterior grade allowed the two levels to be accessed from ou&#8230;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"read-more-toggle\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-expanded=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-controls=\"caption-full-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRead More\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span id=\"caption-full-0\" class=\"full-caption hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe exterior grade allowed the two levels to be accessed from outside, eliminating the need for an interior ramp.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-caption hidden\"\n\t\t\t\t\tid=\"carousel-caption-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-caption__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"image-credit\">Gregory P. Chacos<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"image-caption\" data-full-caption=\"The structure\u2019s exterior walls are loadbearing brick.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe structure\u2019s exterior walls are loadbearing brick.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-caption hidden\"\n\t\t\t\t\tid=\"carousel-caption-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-caption__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"image-credit\">Gregory P. Chacos<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"image-caption\" data-full-caption=\"Workers placed shoring beneath the slab sections prior to cutting into squares.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption-preview\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWorkers placed shoring beneath the slab sections prior to cuttin&#8230;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"read-more-toggle\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-expanded=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-controls=\"caption-full-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRead More\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span id=\"caption-full-2\" class=\"full-caption hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWorkers placed shoring beneath the slab sections prior to cutting into squares.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-caption hidden\"\n\t\t\t\t\tid=\"carousel-caption-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-caption__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"image-credit\">Gregory P. Chacos<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"image-caption\" data-full-caption=\"The cut slab sections were transported offsite for reuse as paving in the contractor\u2019s yard.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption-preview\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe cut slab sections were transported offsite for reuse as pavi&#8230;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"read-more-toggle\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-expanded=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-controls=\"caption-full-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRead More\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span id=\"caption-full-3\" class=\"full-caption hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe cut slab sections were transported offsite for reuse as paving in the contractor\u2019s yard.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-caption hidden\"\n\t\t\t\t\tid=\"carousel-caption-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-caption__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"image-credit\">Gregory P. Chacos<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"image-caption\" data-full-caption=\"Before starting on construction of the new slab, the entire existing slab was removed. Note the bracing for the exterior masonry walls.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption-preview\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBefore starting on construction of the new slab, the entire exis&#8230;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"read-more-toggle\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-expanded=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-controls=\"caption-full-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRead More\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span id=\"caption-full-4\" class=\"full-caption hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBefore starting on construction of the new slab, the entire existing slab was removed. Note the bracing for the exterior masonry walls.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-caption hidden\"\n\t\t\t\t\tid=\"carousel-caption-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-caption__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"image-credit\">Gregory P. Chacos<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"image-caption\" data-full-caption=\"The existing columns were encased in a concrete jacket, which simplified shear and bearing conditions and delivered the new floor loads directly to the footings.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption-preview\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe existing columns were encased in a concrete jacket, which si&#8230;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"read-more-toggle\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-expanded=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-controls=\"caption-full-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRead More\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span id=\"caption-full-5\" class=\"full-caption hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe existing columns were encased in a concrete jacket, which simplified shear and bearing conditions and delivered the new floor loads directly to the footings.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-caption hidden\"\n\t\t\t\t\tid=\"carousel-caption-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-caption__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"image-credit\">Gregory P. Chacos<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"image-caption\" data-full-caption=\"Locating the closure strips along the north and east walls eliminated the need for closure strips within the drainage areas.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption-preview\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLocating the closure strips along the north and east walls elimi&#8230;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"read-more-toggle\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-expanded=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-controls=\"caption-full-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRead More\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span id=\"caption-full-6\" class=\"full-caption hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLocating the closure strips along the north and east walls eliminated the need for closure strips within the drainage areas.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-caption hidden\"\n\t\t\t\t\tid=\"carousel-caption-7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-caption__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"image-credit\">Gregory P. Chacos<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"image-caption\" data-full-caption=\"Workers blocked out 4-ft.-wide closure strips along adjacent walls. Note the temporary piping from the roof drains going through the walls.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption-preview\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWorkers blocked out 4-ft.-wide closure strips along adjacent wal&#8230;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"read-more-toggle\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-expanded=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-controls=\"caption-full-7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRead More\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span id=\"caption-full-7\" class=\"full-caption hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWorkers blocked out 4-ft.-wide closure strips along adjacent walls. Note the temporary piping from the roof drains going through the walls.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-caption hidden\"\n\t\t\t\t\tid=\"carousel-caption-8\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-caption__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"image-credit\">Gregory P. Chacos<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"image-caption\" data-full-caption=\"The completed upper level parking on the new slab shows that existing buildings can be restored rather than demolished, saving resources.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption-preview\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe completed upper level parking on the new slab shows that exi&#8230;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"read-more-toggle\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-expanded=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-controls=\"caption-full-8\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRead More\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span id=\"caption-full-8\" class=\"full-caption hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe completed upper level parking on the new slab shows that existing buildings can be restored rather than demolished, saving resources.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-caption hidden\"\n\t\t\t\t\tid=\"carousel-caption-9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-caption__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"image-credit\">Gregory P. Chacos<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"image-caption\" data-full-caption=\"The first floor slab was undamaged by the entire slab replacement above.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption-preview\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe first floor slab was undamaged by the entire slab replacemen&#8230;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"read-more-toggle\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-expanded=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-controls=\"caption-full-9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRead More\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span id=\"caption-full-9\" class=\"full-caption hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe first floor slab was undamaged by the entire slab replacement above.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<div class=\"carousel-thumbnails-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Thumbnail navigation\">\n\t\t<div class=\"carousel-thumbnails\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"thumbnail-wrapper active\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-index=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Go to slide 1\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-controls=\"carousel-slide-1\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-selected=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\trole=\"tab\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5396-2etmp-tcm45-1190926.jpg?w=150&#038;h=150&#038;crop=1\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"thumbnail\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"thumbnail-wrapper \"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-index=\"1\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Go to slide 2\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-controls=\"carousel-slide-2\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-selected=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\trole=\"tab\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5397-2etmp-tcm45-1190927.jpg?w=150&#038;h=150&#038;crop=1\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"thumbnail\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"thumbnail-wrapper \"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-index=\"2\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Go to slide 3\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-controls=\"carousel-slide-3\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-selected=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\trole=\"tab\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5398-2etmp-tcm45-1190928.jpg?w=150&#038;h=150&#038;crop=1\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"thumbnail\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"thumbnail-wrapper \"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-index=\"3\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Go to slide 4\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-controls=\"carousel-slide-4\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-selected=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\trole=\"tab\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp5399-2etmp-tcm45-1190929.jpg?w=150&#038;h=150&#038;crop=1\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"thumbnail\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"thumbnail-wrapper \"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-index=\"4\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Go to slide 5\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-controls=\"carousel-slide-5\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-selected=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\trole=\"tab\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539a-2etmp-tcm45-1190930.jpg?w=150&#038;h=150&#038;crop=1\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"thumbnail\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"thumbnail-wrapper \"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-index=\"5\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Go to slide 6\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-controls=\"carousel-slide-6\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-selected=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\trole=\"tab\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539b-2etmp-tcm45-1190931.jpg?w=150&#038;h=150&#038;crop=1\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"thumbnail\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"thumbnail-wrapper \"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-index=\"6\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Go to slide 7\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-controls=\"carousel-slide-7\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-selected=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\trole=\"tab\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539c-2etmp-tcm45-1190932.jpg?w=150&#038;h=150&#038;crop=1\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"thumbnail\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"thumbnail-wrapper \"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-index=\"7\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Go to slide 8\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-controls=\"carousel-slide-8\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-selected=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\trole=\"tab\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539d-2etmp-tcm45-1190933.jpg?w=150&#038;h=150&#038;crop=1\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"thumbnail\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"thumbnail-wrapper \"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-index=\"8\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Go to slide 9\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-controls=\"carousel-slide-9\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-selected=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\trole=\"tab\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539e-2etmp-tcm45-1190934.jpg?w=150&#038;h=150&#038;crop=1\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"thumbnail\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"thumbnail-wrapper \"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-index=\"9\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Go to slide 10\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-controls=\"carousel-slide-10\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-selected=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\trole=\"tab\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmp539f-2etmp-tcm45-1190935.jpg?w=150&#038;h=150&#038;crop=1\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"thumbnail\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 2000, the owner of a 30-year old, 180-car parking garage in Cleveland asked us to investigate the cause and implication of two pairs of post-tensioning tendons that had broken through the underside of the 8-inch-thick post-tensioned flat-plate slab. Analysis indicated that the loss of these tendons was not significant, but it led us to initiate a surveillance program to monitor the structure. Three more tendons popped through in 2003 and one more in 2006. By late 2009, there were eleven broken tendons requiring shoring in some areas. Testing and inspection revealed deterioration of some tendons from corrosion as well as from damage that occurred during previous repairs.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The options<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We evaluated various schemes for dealing with this problem. The obvious first option was to demolish and replace the entire garage. This approach seemed wasteful because the walls, footings, slab on ground, and roof were all in good condition. Site limitations didn\u2019t permit converting this parking structure into open or covered surface parking and building a new structure elsewhere on the site, so we began looking at repair options, which included replacing the strands in the tendons, adding an external tendon system, and installing steel beams. None of these suited the owner\u2019s concerns of having an aesthetically pleasing final appearance and minimizing downtime. Ultimately the owner decided to remove just the PT slab and replace it with one using a contemporary design and materials that conform to current practices.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The structure<\/h3><div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">  <div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"> <h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Principal Parties<\/h3> <div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">  <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Property Manager<\/strong>: Zaremba Management Co. <br><strong>Structural Engineer<\/strong>: Ebersole Structural Engineers <br><strong>Contractor<\/strong>: Cleveland Cement Contractors<\/p> <\/div> <\/div><\/div><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The 125&#215;225-foot, two-story parking structure features parking on two levels: the first floor slab on ground and the second floor post-tensioned slab, which is covered by a steel-framed roof. The perimeter walls are load-bearing masonry that support the PT slab and the roof. The sloping exterior grade allows entry and exit directly to each floor, so there are no interior ramps. The first floor slab is a 5-inch-thick slab on ground. The perimeter walls are supported on continuous strip footings, and the interior foundations are spread footings on soft sandstone.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The second-floor was an 8-inch-thick PT slab with a 2- to 3-inch-thick topping. The tendons were proportioned between column and middle strips, in keeping with customary practice at the time of design in 1969, with an average compression of 220 psi in the north-south direction and 250 psi in the east-west direction. The slab was placed in three full-width areas so there were two east-west construction joints. The tendons were common to the era: unbonded, with \u201ccigarette wrap\u201d sheathing and unprotected anchors. In general, the concrete in the slab below the topping was in good condition with no cracks.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Demolition<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although the concept of removing the PT slab was simple, the execution was more complicated. The challenges included:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"> <li>The slab provided bracing for the exterior walls and for the interior roof columns.<\/li> <li>The roof was to remain intact.<\/li> <li>Limited headroom meant that all materials and equipment had to go in and out through a 7-foot-high door.<\/li> <li>The edges of the slab were concealed by load-bearing brick masonry.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Demolishing the slab by breaking it up and letting the pieces fall was impractical, so a plan was devised that included sawcutting the slab into manageable pieces and transferring them using a fork lift that stayed inside the building to one stationed outside the building. Here are the steps in removing the damaged PT slab:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"> <li>Remove lights, pipes, and ductwork from the underside of the slab.<\/li> <li>Brace the roof pipe columns to the roof joists and beams.<\/li> <li>Brace the perimeter walls to resist earth, wind, and seismic forces.<\/li> <li>Reroute the roof drains to discharge through the walls.<\/li> <li>Remove first floor diamonds at columns and excavate to the existing footings.<\/li> <li>Patch column concrete voids and spalls.<\/li> <li>Drill and grout new vertical dowels into the existing footings.<\/li> <li>Fill the excavated area around each column with concrete up to the level of the first floor slab.<\/li> <li>Shore the second floor slab in a pattern to fit the sawcutting.<\/li> <li>Sawcut the slab along the perimeter walls to detension the tendons.<\/li> <li>Make north-south cuts through the slab at the proper intervals.<\/li> <li>Make east-west cuts to detach the sections.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A forklift was brought into the building on the first floor. It was crucial that this machine was as large as possible to minimize the amount of sawcutting. The selected machine was able to handle the 6&#215;7-foot slab sections, which weighed up to 6800 pounds. Shoring was positioned and tightened under each slab section prior to the cut that severed the section. The walk-behind saw used good, appropriately sized blades. Tendons and rebar were easily cut as part of the process. The section was lifted from the shoring and placed on dunnage just inside an overhead door opening on the north side. Then the outside machine lifted the section from the dunnage and brought it outside where it was stacked until time for a truckload of sections to be removed from the site. The neat cuts eliminated the need to handle broken concrete and tangles of reinforcing bars and tendons. It also meant the slab pieces could be reused\u2014they ended up as pavement for part of a contractor\u2019s yard.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The contractor needed to take special care to avoid hitting the wall braces and the braced roof columns but the demolition was completed without incident. No repair work was necessary for the slab on ground, which was in good condition initially and remained undamaged by the work.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">New slab<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The new slab is an 8-inch flat plate with unbonded, encapsulated tendons in a banded layout, designed according to ACI 318-08. Concrete was specified to have a 28-day compressive strength of 5000 psi with appropriate entrained air and a corrosion inhibitor. The drainage on the slab was changed to have twice as many floor drains as the original slab and use a slope of 1\/4 inch per foot. Inserts were placed to support the suspended items to assure an orderly arrangement of utilities and to avoid the risk of damaging tendons from drilling for expansion anchors.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The existing columns supporting the slab were encased in a concrete jacket, which simplified shear and bearing conditions and delivered the new floor loads directly to the footings. New columns were added along the perimeter of the new slab. The columns along the south and west walls were located four inches clear of the walls while those along the north and east walls were 4 feet clear to accommodate the closure strips needed for room to stress the tendons. This arrangement eliminated the need to have closure strips within the slab drainage areas, which is important because closure strip construction joints are not compressed by the PT and are susceptible to leakage. Two east-west construction joints, compressed by the post-tensioning tendons, were used for the three placement areas, and the replacement slab was installed from south to north. The walls were attached to the new slab with details that provided minimal restraint to shortening from creep and drying shrinkage. The perimeter slab-to-wall joint was left open for several months to accommodate shrinkage before being sealed.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This project showed that a 40-year-old structure can be economically recycled if the owner is receptive to nontraditional solutions, and if proper attention is paid to details and procedures that are different from those normally found in construction. The owner, the structural engineer, and the contractor worked together to come up with creative procedures that enhanced the project and allowed the work to move along at a steady pace.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The work, originally scheduled to use two-shifts per day, was accomplished using a single-shift schedule. The project went smoothly, had fewer than the usual number of heated discussions, was executed without any increases to the scope of the work, and came in just under the negotiated maximum cost. Surprises were few and were dealt with promptly.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Demolishing and replacing the slab took a few days less than the 90 days scheduled for the work. The garage was returned to service on schedule, as promised, before the onset of winter. The facility is clean, well drained, functions as well as a totally new one, and the tenants are happy to have their parking spaces back.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Gregory P. (Greg) Chacos, PE, has more than 40 years experience in the design of structural prestressed concrete, with a special interest in post-tensioning. He can be contacted at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gpchacos.com\" target=\"_blank\">www.gpchacos.com<\/a>.<\/em><\/p><hr><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Parking Structure Durability<\/h3><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> It\u2019s no secret that many cast-in-place concrete parking structures have suffered from durability issues due to corrosion of standard steel rebar or post-tensioning tendons. But the knowledge exists today to design and build durable structures. Use some combination of these tips: <\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"> <li>Start with the requirements in ACI 318, Chapter 4, Durability.<\/li> <li>Use epoxy-coated reinforcing steel (stainless or galvanized steel also are useful in areas that are repeatedly saturated with salty water).<\/li> <li>The most common reinforcing system is unbonded post-tensioning tendons with watertight encapsulation and corrosion-resistant grease. These allow tendon remediation rather than complete replacement of the slab as would be necessary with bonded tendons. Stress to minimum compression in the concrete of 200 psi. For details, get the PTI publication \u201cDesign, Construction and Maintenance of Cast-in-Place Post-Tensioned Concrete Parking Structures.\u201d<\/li> <li>Assure proper placement tolerances on reinforcement and maintain minimum cover (concrete cover of 2 inches for slab top reinforcement, 1 inch for bottom, and 2 1\/2 inches for other members).<\/li> <li>Avoid high early strength, fast setting, and excessively strong concrete mixes in slabs, because these tend to crack more. Use low-permeability concrete with a low water-cementitious materials ratio (below 0.45), SCMs, sound aggregate, and well-graded sand. Get good entrained air at the percentages recommended in ACI 318 for the aggregate used (6% for 1-inch aggregate).<\/li> <li>Use a corrosion-inhibiting admixture.<\/li> <li>Apply and maintain drivable membrane-type deck surfaces.<\/li> <li>Provide good slab flatness, and adequate slope and drainage to prevent the formation of persistent puddles. Avoid excessive span-to-depth ratios that encourage deflection and vibration and may result in crack propagation.<\/li> <li>Seal cracks and use high-quality sealants at construction and expansion joints.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> Thanks to John Turner and Mike Mota at the Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute and Ted Neff at the Post-Tensioning Institute for these tips. <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In 2000, the owner of a 30-year old, 180-car parking garage in Cleveland asked us to investigate the cause and implication of two pairs of post-tensioning tendons that had broken through the underside of the 8-inch-thick post-tensioned flat-plate slab. Analysis indicated that the loss of these tendons was not significant, but it led us to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"scheduledNewsletterDates":[],"_scheduled_newsletter_id":0,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"zonda_content_type_url_append":"_o","zonda_dfp_zone":"","zonda_exclude_recommended_contents":false,"zonda_exclude_most_popular":false,"zonda_exclude_tagged_results":false,"zonda_eyebrow":"","zonda_last_newsletter_date":"2099-12-31T23:59:59.999-05:00","zonda_original_url":"","zonda_pdf_version":0,"zonda_print_headline":"As Good as New","zonda_promo_abstract":"One entire floor of a parking structure was demolished and replaced with a new post-tensioned deck.","zonda_promo_headline":"","zonda_promo_image":0,"zonda_subheadline":"Instead of tearing down a deficient parking structure, this owner chose to replace the entire deck."},"tags":[],"news_item_type":[780],"section_10":[80713],"subject":[51089,629,74994,2641,41828,1888,716,885,30396,80562,18050,10276,1841,597,546],"organization":[2642,44279],"award":[],"person":[88996],"product_type_10":[],"content-group":[],"event":[],"location":[1506],"state":[522],"brand":[],"jlc-category":[],"year_tax":[],"sponsor":[],"coauthors":[88995],"class_list":["post-66190","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","news_item_type-feature","section_10-construction","subject-cast-in-place-concrete","subject-concrete","subject-concrete-expansion","subject-concrete-strength","subject-corrosion","subject-cracking-and-crazing","subject-metal","subject-parking-lots-and-garages","subject-post-tensioning","subject-prestressed-cement","subject-reinforced-concrete","subject-repair","subject-slab","subject-structure","subject-walls","organization-american-concrete-institute","organization-post-tensioning-institute","person-gregory-p-greg-chacos","location-cleveland-elyria-mentor-oh","state-ohio"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.0 (Yoast SEO v28.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Replacing a Parking Structure Deck<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Instead of tearing down a deficient parking structure, this owner chose to replace the entire deck.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/how-to\/construction\/replacing-a-parking-structure-deck_o\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Replacing a Parking Structure Deck\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Instead of tearing down a deficient parking structure, this owner chose to replace the entire deck.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/how-to\/construction\/replacing-a-parking-structure-deck_o\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Concrete Construction Magazine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2012-03-30T19:23:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"Gregory P. Chacos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\\\/concrete-construction\\\/how-to\\\/construction\\\/replacing-a-parking-structure-deck_o#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\\\/concrete-construction\\\/how-to\\\/construction\\\/replacing-a-parking-structure-deck_o\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\",\"@id\":\"\"},\"headline\":\"Replacing a Parking Structure Deck\",\"datePublished\":\"2012-03-30T19:23:35+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\\\/concrete-construction\\\/how-to\\\/construction\\\/replacing-a-parking-structure-deck_o\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1684,\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\\\/concrete-construction\\\/how-to\\\/construction\\\/replacing-a-parking-structure-deck_o\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\\\/concrete-construction\\\/how-to\\\/construction\\\/replacing-a-parking-structure-deck_o\",\"name\":\"Replacing a Parking Structure Deck\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\\\/concrete-construction\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2012-03-30T19:23:35+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"\"},\"description\":\"Instead of tearing down a deficient parking structure, this owner chose to replace the entire deck.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\\\/concrete-construction\\\/how-to\\\/construction\\\/replacing-a-parking-structure-deck_o#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\\\/concrete-construction\\\/how-to\\\/construction\\\/replacing-a-parking-structure-deck_o\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\\\/concrete-construction\\\/how-to\\\/construction\\\/replacing-a-parking-structure-deck_o#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\\\/concrete-construction\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Replacing a Parking Structure Deck\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\\\/concrete-construction\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\\\/concrete-construction\\\/\",\"name\":\"Concrete Construction Magazine\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\\\/concrete-construction\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Replacing a Parking Structure Deck","description":"Instead of tearing down a deficient parking structure, this owner chose to replace the entire deck.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/how-to\/construction\/replacing-a-parking-structure-deck_o","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Replacing a Parking Structure Deck","og_description":"Instead of tearing down a deficient parking structure, this owner chose to replace the entire deck.","og_url":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/how-to\/construction\/replacing-a-parking-structure-deck_o\/","og_site_name":"Concrete Construction Magazine","article_published_time":"2012-03-30T19:23:35+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"8 minutes","Written by":"Gregory P. Chacos"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/how-to\/construction\/replacing-a-parking-structure-deck_o#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/how-to\/construction\/replacing-a-parking-structure-deck_o\/"},"author":{"name":"","@id":""},"headline":"Replacing a Parking Structure Deck","datePublished":"2012-03-30T19:23:35+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/how-to\/construction\/replacing-a-parking-structure-deck_o\/"},"wordCount":1684,"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/how-to\/construction\/replacing-a-parking-structure-deck_o\/","url":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/how-to\/construction\/replacing-a-parking-structure-deck_o","name":"Replacing a Parking Structure Deck","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/#website"},"datePublished":"2012-03-30T19:23:35+00:00","author":{"@id":""},"description":"Instead of tearing down a deficient parking structure, this owner chose to replace the entire deck.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/how-to\/construction\/replacing-a-parking-structure-deck_o#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/how-to\/construction\/replacing-a-parking-structure-deck_o"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/how-to\/construction\/replacing-a-parking-structure-deck_o#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Replacing a Parking Structure Deck"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/#website","url":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/","name":"Concrete Construction Magazine","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"distributor_meta":false,"distributor_terms":false,"distributor_media":false,"distributor_original_site_name":"Concrete Construction Magazine","distributor_original_site_url":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction","push-errors":false,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66190","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=66190"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66190\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=66190"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=66190"},{"taxonomy":"news_item_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news_item_type?post=66190"},{"taxonomy":"section_10","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/section_10?post=66190"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=66190"},{"taxonomy":"organization","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/organization?post=66190"},{"taxonomy":"award","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/award?post=66190"},{"taxonomy":"person","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/person?post=66190"},{"taxonomy":"product_type_10","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_type_10?post=66190"},{"taxonomy":"content-group","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content-group?post=66190"},{"taxonomy":"event","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/event?post=66190"},{"taxonomy":"location","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/location?post=66190"},{"taxonomy":"state","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/state?post=66190"},{"taxonomy":"brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/brand?post=66190"},{"taxonomy":"jlc-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/jlc-category?post=66190"},{"taxonomy":"year_tax","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/year_tax?post=66190"},{"taxonomy":"sponsor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/sponsor?post=66190"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=66190"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}