{"id":63564,"date":"2006-10-10T17:48:54","date_gmt":"2006-10-10T17:48:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/article\/tight-squeeze_o"},"modified":"2006-10-10T17:48:54","modified_gmt":"2006-10-10T17:48:54","slug":"tight-squeeze_o","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/projects\/infrastructure\/tight-squeeze_o\/","title":{"rendered":"Tight squeeze"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n<div class=\"image-carousel\"\n\trole=\"region\"\n\taria-roledescription=\"carousel\"\n\taria-label=\"Image carousel\"\n\tdata-total-slides=\"3\"\n\t>\n\n\t<div class=\"image-carousel-top\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"carousel-counter\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"current-index\">1<\/span>\n\t\t\tof\t\t\t<span class=\"total-count\">3<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<div class=\"image-carousel__hero-wrapper\">\n\t\t<button class=\"carousel-prev\"\n\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Previous slide\"\n\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"carousel-main\" aria-live=\"polite\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-slide active\"\n\t\t\t\t\tid=\"carousel-slide-0\"\n\t\t\t\t\trole=\"tabpanel\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-roledescription=\"slide\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Slide 1 of 3\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"false\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Load the first image immediately at full size -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc90-2etmp-tcm111-1347502.jpg?w=250\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsrcset=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc90-2etmp-tcm111-1347502.jpg 250w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc90-2etmp-tcm111-1347502.jpg?resize=164,114 164w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc90-2etmp-tcm111-1347502.jpg?resize=188,131 188w\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"After four years, Delphos, Ohio&#039;s new combined sewer system using membrane bioreactors is scheduled to go online this month. The city also has 12 million gallons of stormwater-holding capacity in two lagoons that can be pumped back to the plant in dry weather. Photo: Peterson Construction Co.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-caption=\"After four years, Delphos, Ohio&#039;s new combined sewer system using membrane bioreactors is scheduled to go online this month. The city also has 12 million gallons of stormwater-holding capacity in two lagoons that can be pumped back to the plant in dry weather. Photo: Peterson Construction Co.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-slide hidden\"\n\t\t\t\t\tid=\"carousel-slide-1\"\n\t\t\t\t\trole=\"tabpanel\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-roledescription=\"slide\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Slide 2 of 3\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Lazy load other main images with data-src to be loaded only when needed -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc91-2etmp-tcm111-1347505.jpg?w=150\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsrcset=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc91-2etmp-tcm111-1347505.jpg 150w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc91-2etmp-tcm111-1347505.jpg?resize=145,177 145w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc91-2etmp-tcm111-1347505.jpg?resize=93,114 93w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc91-2etmp-tcm111-1347505.jpg?resize=107,131 107w\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"Idaho innovator Hank Day. Since the Star Sewer and Water District&#039;s membrane bioreactor went online Jan. 1, three other cities in Idaho have decided to incorporate the technology into their wastewater treatment plants.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"lazy-load-image\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tloading=\"lazy\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-caption=\"Idaho innovator Hank Day. Since the Star Sewer and Water District&#039;s membrane bioreactor went online Jan. 1, three other cities in Idaho have decided to incorporate the technology into their wastewater treatment plants.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-slide hidden\"\n\t\t\t\t\tid=\"carousel-slide-2\"\n\t\t\t\t\trole=\"tabpanel\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-roledescription=\"slide\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Slide 3 of 3\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Lazy load other main images with data-src to be loaded only when needed -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc92-2etmp-tcm111-1347508.jpg?w=399\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsrcset=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc92-2etmp-tcm111-1347508.jpg 480w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc92-2etmp-tcm111-1347508.jpg?resize=300,276 300w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc92-2etmp-tcm111-1347508.jpg?resize=399,367 399w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc92-2etmp-tcm111-1347508.jpg?resize=193,177 193w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc92-2etmp-tcm111-1347508.jpg?resize=124,114 124w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc92-2etmp-tcm111-1347508.jpg?resize=143,131 143w\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsizes=\"(max-width: 399px) 100vw, 399px\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"Breaking it down \nAccording to a proprietary PUBLIC WORKS survey, readers use and\/or oversee the following wastewater technologies. (Respondents checked all that apply.) Source: PUBLIC WORKS\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"lazy-load-image\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tloading=\"lazy\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-caption=\"Breaking it down \nAccording to a proprietary PUBLIC WORKS survey, readers use and\/or oversee the following wastewater technologies. (Respondents checked all that apply.) Source: PUBLIC WORKS\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<button class=\"carousel-next\"\n\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Next slide\"\n\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<div class=\"carousel-captions-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-caption active\"\n\t\t\t\t\tid=\"carousel-caption-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-caption__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"image-caption\" data-full-caption=\"After four years, Delphos, Ohio&#039;s new combined sewer system using membrane bioreactors is scheduled to go online this month. The city also has 12 million gallons of stormwater-holding capacity in two lagoons that can be pumped back to the plant in dry weather. Photo: Peterson Construction Co.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption-preview\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAfter four years, Delphos, Ohio&#039;s new combined sewer system usin&#8230;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"read-more-toggle\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-expanded=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-controls=\"caption-full-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRead More\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span id=\"caption-full-0\" class=\"full-caption hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAfter four years, Delphos, Ohio&#039;s new combined sewer system using membrane bioreactors is scheduled to go online this month. The city also has 12 million gallons of stormwater-holding capacity in two lagoons that can be pumped back to the plant in dry weather. Photo: Peterson Construction Co.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-caption hidden\"\n\t\t\t\t\tid=\"carousel-caption-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-caption__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"image-caption\" data-full-caption=\"Idaho innovator Hank Day. Since the Star Sewer and Water District&#039;s membrane bioreactor went online Jan. 1, three other cities in Idaho have decided to incorporate the technology into their wastewater treatment plants.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption-preview\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIdaho innovator Hank Day. Since the Star Sewer and Water Distric&#8230;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"read-more-toggle\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-expanded=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-controls=\"caption-full-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRead More\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span id=\"caption-full-1\" class=\"full-caption hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIdaho innovator Hank Day. Since the Star Sewer and Water District&#039;s membrane bioreactor went online Jan. 1, three other cities in Idaho have decided to incorporate the technology into their wastewater treatment plants.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-caption hidden\"\n\t\t\t\t\tid=\"carousel-caption-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-caption__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"image-caption\" data-full-caption=\"Breaking it down \nAccording to a proprietary PUBLIC WORKS survey, readers use and\/or oversee the following wastewater technologies. (Respondents checked all that apply.) Source: PUBLIC WORKS\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption-preview\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBreaking it down \nAccording to a proprietary PUBLIC WORKS survey&#8230;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"read-more-toggle\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-expanded=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-controls=\"caption-full-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRead More\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span id=\"caption-full-2\" class=\"full-caption hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBreaking it down \nAccording to a proprietary PUBLIC WORKS survey, readers use and\/or oversee the following wastewater technologies. (Respondents checked all that apply.) Source: PUBLIC WORKS\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<div class=\"carousel-thumbnails-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Thumbnail navigation\">\n\t\t<div class=\"carousel-thumbnails\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"thumbnail-wrapper active\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-index=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Go to slide 1\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-controls=\"carousel-slide-1\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-selected=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\trole=\"tab\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc90-2etmp-tcm111-1347502.jpg?w=150&#038;h=150&#038;crop=1\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"thumbnail\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"thumbnail-wrapper \"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-index=\"1\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Go to slide 2\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-controls=\"carousel-slide-2\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-selected=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\trole=\"tab\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc91-2etmp-tcm111-1347505.jpg?w=150&#038;h=150&#038;crop=1\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"thumbnail\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"thumbnail-wrapper \"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-index=\"2\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Go to slide 3\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-controls=\"carousel-slide-3\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-selected=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\trole=\"tab\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc92-2etmp-tcm111-1347508.jpg?w=150&#038;h=150&#038;crop=1\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"thumbnail\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"> <b>Two towns, two solutions\u2014one technology.<\/b> <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">MBR\/retrofit: Star, Idaho<\/p> <ul class=\"wp-block-list\"> <li>Population: 2000<\/li> <li>Plant size: 0.8 mgd with a peak flow of 1.2 mgd<\/li> <li>Cost: $5.2 million<\/li> <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">MBR\/new construction: Delphos, Ohio<\/p> <li>Population: 7000<\/li> <li>Plant size: 3.83 mgd with a peak flow of 12 mgd<\/li> <li>Cost: $32 million<\/li> <\/ul> <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although they&#8217;re half a continent apart and have never spoken, wastewater operators Hank Day and Kim Riddell solved very different treatment issues using the same technology.<\/p> <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Day&#8217;s issue is growth. He&#8217;s maintenance and operations foreman for the sewer and water district of Star, Idaho, where 20 separate housing developments are crowding his 5-acre treatment plant and have filled his three lagoons to capacity. When he joined the utility a decade ago, the city had 5 miles of sewer line. By the end of this year it will have 24.<\/p> <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">He had to find a way to treat more wastewater in the same amount of space.<\/p> <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Riddell&#8217;s problem is regulatory.<\/p> <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Just before she became water superintendent for Delphos, Ohio, in 2002, the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency ordered the city to build a facility that would bring it back into compliance with its National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit. Parts of the plant were a century old, its most recent upgrade was in 1982, and violations had become increasingly severe.<\/p> <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Day and Riddell met their respective goals with membrane bioreactors (MBR), a treatment option that many communities dismiss as cost-prohibitive. In an exclusive survey of PUBLIC WORKS readers, only 13% of respondents report using the technology.<\/p> <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But a perfect storm of factors\u2014ever-tighter discharge requirements, lower membrane technology costs, and the soaring cost of reinforced concrete\u2014is prompting operators to reconsider membranes, mainly because they increase capacity without expanding a plant&#8217;s footprint and produce extremely clean water. The effluent during non-peak flows is usually better than required.<\/p> <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWhatever we were going to buy, we wanted to make sure we wouldn&#8217;t later have to scrap it and start all over,\u201d says Day, whose utility borrowed $3.2 million from the Idaho Department of Environmental Quality to add a membrane bioreactor to its system. \u201cWe figured the membrane would meet any EPA guidelines coming down the pike. The output is almost drinking-water quality.\u201d<\/p><\/div> <!--nextpage-->\n\n<div class=\"image-carousel\"\n\trole=\"region\"\n\taria-roledescription=\"carousel\"\n\taria-label=\"Image carousel\"\n\tdata-total-slides=\"3\"\n\t>\n\n\t<div class=\"image-carousel-top\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"carousel-counter\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"current-index\">1<\/span>\n\t\t\tof\t\t\t<span class=\"total-count\">3<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<div class=\"image-carousel__hero-wrapper\">\n\t\t<button class=\"carousel-prev\"\n\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Previous slide\"\n\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"carousel-main\" aria-live=\"polite\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-slide active\"\n\t\t\t\t\tid=\"carousel-slide-0\"\n\t\t\t\t\trole=\"tabpanel\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-roledescription=\"slide\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Slide 1 of 3\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"false\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Load the first image immediately at full size -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc90-2etmp-tcm111-1347502.jpg?w=250\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsrcset=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc90-2etmp-tcm111-1347502.jpg 250w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc90-2etmp-tcm111-1347502.jpg?resize=164,114 164w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc90-2etmp-tcm111-1347502.jpg?resize=188,131 188w\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"After four years, Delphos, Ohio&#039;s new combined sewer system using membrane bioreactors is scheduled to go online this month. The city also has 12 million gallons of stormwater-holding capacity in two lagoons that can be pumped back to the plant in dry weather. Photo: Peterson Construction Co.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-caption=\"After four years, Delphos, Ohio&#039;s new combined sewer system using membrane bioreactors is scheduled to go online this month. The city also has 12 million gallons of stormwater-holding capacity in two lagoons that can be pumped back to the plant in dry weather. Photo: Peterson Construction Co.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-slide hidden\"\n\t\t\t\t\tid=\"carousel-slide-1\"\n\t\t\t\t\trole=\"tabpanel\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-roledescription=\"slide\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Slide 2 of 3\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Lazy load other main images with data-src to be loaded only when needed -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc91-2etmp-tcm111-1347505.jpg?w=150\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsrcset=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc91-2etmp-tcm111-1347505.jpg 150w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc91-2etmp-tcm111-1347505.jpg?resize=145,177 145w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc91-2etmp-tcm111-1347505.jpg?resize=93,114 93w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc91-2etmp-tcm111-1347505.jpg?resize=107,131 107w\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"Idaho innovator Hank Day. Since the Star Sewer and Water District&#039;s membrane bioreactor went online Jan. 1, three other cities in Idaho have decided to incorporate the technology into their wastewater treatment plants.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"lazy-load-image\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tloading=\"lazy\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-caption=\"Idaho innovator Hank Day. Since the Star Sewer and Water District&#039;s membrane bioreactor went online Jan. 1, three other cities in Idaho have decided to incorporate the technology into their wastewater treatment plants.\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-slide hidden\"\n\t\t\t\t\tid=\"carousel-slide-2\"\n\t\t\t\t\trole=\"tabpanel\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-roledescription=\"slide\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Slide 3 of 3\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Lazy load other main images with data-src to be loaded only when needed -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc92-2etmp-tcm111-1347508.jpg?w=399\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsrcset=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc92-2etmp-tcm111-1347508.jpg 480w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc92-2etmp-tcm111-1347508.jpg?resize=300,276 300w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc92-2etmp-tcm111-1347508.jpg?resize=399,367 399w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc92-2etmp-tcm111-1347508.jpg?resize=193,177 193w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc92-2etmp-tcm111-1347508.jpg?resize=124,114 124w, https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc92-2etmp-tcm111-1347508.jpg?resize=143,131 143w\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsizes=\"(max-width: 399px) 100vw, 399px\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"Breaking it down \nAccording to a proprietary PUBLIC WORKS survey, readers use and\/or oversee the following wastewater technologies. (Respondents checked all that apply.) Source: PUBLIC WORKS\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"lazy-load-image\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tloading=\"lazy\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-caption=\"Breaking it down \nAccording to a proprietary PUBLIC WORKS survey, readers use and\/or oversee the following wastewater technologies. (Respondents checked all that apply.) Source: PUBLIC WORKS\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<button class=\"carousel-next\"\n\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Next slide\"\n\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<div class=\"carousel-captions-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-caption active\"\n\t\t\t\t\tid=\"carousel-caption-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-caption__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"image-caption\" data-full-caption=\"After four years, Delphos, Ohio&#039;s new combined sewer system using membrane bioreactors is scheduled to go online this month. The city also has 12 million gallons of stormwater-holding capacity in two lagoons that can be pumped back to the plant in dry weather. Photo: Peterson Construction Co.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption-preview\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAfter four years, Delphos, Ohio&#039;s new combined sewer system usin&#8230;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"read-more-toggle\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-expanded=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-controls=\"caption-full-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRead More\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span id=\"caption-full-0\" class=\"full-caption hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAfter four years, Delphos, Ohio&#039;s new combined sewer system using membrane bioreactors is scheduled to go online this month. The city also has 12 million gallons of stormwater-holding capacity in two lagoons that can be pumped back to the plant in dry weather. Photo: Peterson Construction Co.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-caption hidden\"\n\t\t\t\t\tid=\"carousel-caption-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-caption__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"image-caption\" data-full-caption=\"Idaho innovator Hank Day. Since the Star Sewer and Water District&#039;s membrane bioreactor went online Jan. 1, three other cities in Idaho have decided to incorporate the technology into their wastewater treatment plants.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption-preview\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIdaho innovator Hank Day. Since the Star Sewer and Water Distric&#8230;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"read-more-toggle\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-expanded=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-controls=\"caption-full-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRead More\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span id=\"caption-full-1\" class=\"full-caption hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIdaho innovator Hank Day. Since the Star Sewer and Water District&#039;s membrane bioreactor went online Jan. 1, three other cities in Idaho have decided to incorporate the technology into their wastewater treatment plants.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-caption hidden\"\n\t\t\t\t\tid=\"carousel-caption-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"carousel-caption__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"image-caption\" data-full-caption=\"Breaking it down \nAccording to a proprietary PUBLIC WORKS survey, readers use and\/or oversee the following wastewater technologies. (Respondents checked all that apply.) Source: PUBLIC WORKS\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption-preview\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBreaking it down \nAccording to a proprietary PUBLIC WORKS survey&#8230;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"read-more-toggle\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-expanded=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-controls=\"caption-full-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRead More\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span id=\"caption-full-2\" class=\"full-caption hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBreaking it down \nAccording to a proprietary PUBLIC WORKS survey, readers use and\/or oversee the following wastewater technologies. (Respondents checked all that apply.) Source: PUBLIC WORKS\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<div class=\"carousel-thumbnails-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Thumbnail navigation\">\n\t\t<div class=\"carousel-thumbnails\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"thumbnail-wrapper active\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-index=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Go to slide 1\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-controls=\"carousel-slide-1\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-selected=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\trole=\"tab\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc90-2etmp-tcm111-1347502.jpg?w=150&#038;h=150&#038;crop=1\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"thumbnail\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"thumbnail-wrapper \"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-index=\"1\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Go to slide 2\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-controls=\"carousel-slide-2\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-selected=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\trole=\"tab\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc91-2etmp-tcm111-1347505.jpg?w=150&#038;h=150&#038;crop=1\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"thumbnail\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"thumbnail-wrapper \"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-index=\"2\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Go to slide 3\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-controls=\"carousel-slide-3\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-selected=\"false\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\trole=\"tab\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/06\/tmpc92-2etmp-tcm111-1347508.jpg?w=150&#038;h=150&#038;crop=1\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"thumbnail\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"> <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although membrane bioreactor systems are more expensive to operate than older technologies, they&#8217;re a popular new-development option in arid areas, like the Southwest, where effluent requirements are strict, flows rarely peak, and the membranes are in almost constant use, says George Crawford, principal wastewater treatment engineer with consulting firm CH2M Hill, Denver. Cities farther north, which frequently handle high peak flows from storms and spring runoff, incorporate membranes into their treatment systems to treat dry weather flows.<\/p> <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">King County, Seattle, where the world&#8217;s largest MBR plant is scheduled to go online in 2010, will treat the first 39 mgd of inflow with membrane bioreactors, says Crawford. During peak flows, the excess will divert to chemically enhanced primary treatment, after which the two flows will come together\u2014and still meet typical discharge standards for landscape and agricultural irrigation and wetland enhancement.<\/p> <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Membranes eliminate the need to manually test settling velocities and characteristics, but they require a proper programmable logic control design with redundancy as well as a robust communication network. Standby power is required so power outages don&#8217;t shut down the entire system. As with any new technology, they increase the need for instrument technicians.<\/p> <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They&#8217;re also more expensive to run. Day&#8217;s electricity bill has gone from $500 to $4000 per month. But his plant&#8217;s new 43&#215;150-foot addition doubles the total possible sewer connections to almost 3000. The city has 5000 plots. If it maintains its current growth rate, it can increase capacity beyond 3000 simply by installing more membranes in its existing lagoons.<\/p> <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>WEIGHING ALTERNATIVES<\/b><\/p> <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Day, along with engineers from Keller Associates in Meridian, Idaho, traveled to California, Utah, Georgia, and Kansas to explore options before choosing a membrane bioreactor system made by Japan&#8217;s Kubota Corp. and distributed by Enviroquip Inc.<\/p> <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Ohio, Riddell&#8217;s team initially leaned toward using Orbal oxidation, a multi-channel ditch secondary biological treatment process developed by US Filter Envirex Inc., Waukesha, Wis. Further examination nixed the idea.<\/p> <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Delphos has a large food manufacturing industrial base, so its carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand and total suspended solids loadings are extremely high. Because Orbal size is based on loadings, the new plant would have required an extremely large oxidation ditch, which would have led to problems when attempting to treat large-variation inflows and loadings.<\/p> <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A cost comparison revealed that a membrane bioreactor system would be less expensive to build, provide much more flexibility, and outperform Orbal oxidation in removing mercury. \u201cBy using membrane technology, we felt we were being proactive in terms of the EPA&#8217;s ever-stringent requirements,\u201d says Riddell. Delphos also chose a Kubota\/Enviroquip system.<\/p> <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Adding to the existing plant wasn&#8217;t an option. Most of the ground at the site was already being used for treatment, so parts of the plant would have needed to be taken offline while new treatment facilities were built. And there was nowhere to go. Like the city of Star, Delphos had grown up around its wastewater treatment plant. Parks surrounded it, and people had been complaining about odor for decades.<\/p> <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the end, the city borrowed $32 million from the Ohio EPA&#8217;s Division of Environmental and Financial Assistance to build a new treatment plant on a 15-acre site about 2 miles out of town. To pay off the loan, the city is increasing sewer rates 15% every year for four years ending in 2008.<\/p> <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWe sold it by making Ohio EPA out to be the \u2018bad guys,&#8217;\u201d says Riddell. \u201cResidents have been very concerned about the increases, but they&#8217;re easier to accept with us moving the plant out of town.\u201d<\/p> <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Star Sewer and Water District told long-time residents it wouldn&#8217;t raise rates if they&#8217;d pass the bond necessary to get a loan from the Idaho Department of Environmental Quality. Because the loan is being used on technology that accommodates growth, new residents subsidize the addition through water and sewer line hookup fees, for which contractors pay $5150.<\/p> <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Day needed at least 1150 connections to begin using his new technology. By the time the membrane bioreactor went live on Jan. 1, 2006, he had 1600. \u201cGrowth is paying for this new addition,\u201d says Day. \u201cAnd I have lots of room for expansion.\u201d<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>Multitalented technology<\/b> <\/p> <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Membrane bioreactors eliminate secondary and even tertiary filtration.<\/p> <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Think of a membrane bioreactor as an extremely powerful piece of cheesecloth that produces crystal-clear water from just about any type of effluent.<\/p> <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A membrane bioreactor is a biological treatment process (hence, \u201cbio\u201d) that combines traditional and new technologies in a single step: The traditional activated sludge process to remove soluble and particulate matter from wastewater, and membranes to separate the activated sludge from the treated effluent.<\/p> <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Membrane bioreactors use membranes to retain biological solids in the mixed liquor by withdrawing the treated water through an extremely small-pored membrane instead of settling in a secondary clarifier. The membranes therefore also perform the tertiary filtration function traditionally accomplished with granular media filtration.<\/p> <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As in any activated sludge process, the key to successful treatment is to maintain the required quantity of return activated sludge.<\/p> <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is rarely a problem with a membrane bioreactor because their pores are minute\u2014smaller even than the pores of filter papers used for laboratory analysis\u2014so the separation of solids from liquids is essentially complete and all biological solids are retained in the process to use as return sludge or for wasting.<\/p> <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One caveat, though: Although membrane pore sizes are in the microfiltration or ultrafiltration range, they&#8217;re not small enough to capture soluble organic compounds, metals, or trace contaminants such as pharmaceutical and personal care products, priority pollutants, or endocrine-disrupting compounds. A membrane bioreactor may adsorb or reduce such contaminants, but it can&#8217;t directly filter these materials from wastewater.<\/p> <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><i>\u2014 George Crawford, principal wastewater treatment engineer with consulting firm CH2M Hill, Cambridge, Mass.<\/i><\/p><\/div> ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>MBR\/retrofit: Star, Idaho MBR\/new construction: Delphos, Ohio Although they&#8217;re half a continent apart and have never spoken, wastewater operators Hank Day and Kim Riddell solved very different treatment issues using the same technology. Day&#8217;s issue is growth. He&#8217;s maintenance and operations foreman for the sewer and water district of Star, Idaho, where 20 separate housing [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"scheduledNewsletterDates":[],"_scheduled_newsletter_id":0,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"zonda_content_type_url_append":"_o","zonda_dfp_zone":"","zonda_exclude_recommended_contents":false,"zonda_exclude_most_popular":false,"zonda_exclude_tagged_results":false,"zonda_eyebrow":"Wastewater treatment","zonda_last_newsletter_date":"2099-12-31T23:59:59.999-05:00","zonda_original_url":"","zonda_pdf_version":0,"zonda_print_headline":"Tight squeeze","zonda_promo_abstract":"Membrane filtration isn't just for big cities. Two small water districts are using the decade-old technology to combat discharge requirements and prepare for growth.","zonda_promo_headline":"","zonda_promo_image":0,"zonda_subheadline":"Membrane filtration isn't just for big cities. 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