{"id":63085,"date":"2006-06-07T17:02:21","date_gmt":"2006-06-07T17:02:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/article\/setting-the-next-standard_o"},"modified":"2006-06-07T17:02:21","modified_gmt":"2006-06-07T17:02:21","slug":"setting-the-next-standard_o","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/projects\/infrastructure\/setting-the-next-standard_o\/","title":{"rendered":"Setting the next standard"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>

Geographic information systems (GIS) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) are often part of an agency’s standard operating equipment. When the technologies were first introduced, however, many viewed them as specialty products.<\/p>

GIS offered accurate maps in rich detail, but how often would such an elaborate map be needed? SCADA removed the human error element from collecting operating data, but what would an agency do with all that data except store it? How would these applications be of practical use, day to day?<\/p>

Today, GIS and SCADA have been so thoroughly built in to functions from environmental and construction permitting to billing and customer service that public works managers may not remember how their agencies functioned without them. A new technology, geospatial time series management (GTSM), is at the same stage as GIS was in the 1980s and SCADAwas in the 1990s.<\/p>

In simple terms, GTSM transforms data points collected by GIS and SCADA into a predictive tool by relating the data for a specific location to changes over time. Anything that moves or changes through time\u2014rainfall, reservoir levels, construction site runoff, power demands, and numerous other parameters\u2014can be considered using GTSM.<\/p>

The growing numbers of engineers and information technology professionals introduced to GTSM are impressed. They view it as the next logical progression from GIS and SCADA. But is GTSM more than another \u201ccool\u201d technology? If so, how will it benefit agencies in a profound way, every day?<\/p>

\u201cIt is becoming clear that the walls between control systems and GIS are finally coming down,\u201d said David Henry, P.E., Metropolitan Water District of Southern California’s program manager for water system automation. \u201cProducts that integrate the operational and business data of SCADA systems with the geospatial and graphical relevance of GIS enable utilities to better respond to emergency situations, operate more efficiently on a day-to-day basis, and better visualize long-term needs.\u201d<\/p>

RELATING SPACE AND TIME<\/b> <\/p>

Public works agencies have made significant investments in \u201cmust-have\u201d tools and applications. As-builts, maps, and service area grids have been digitized and made accessible using GIS. SCADA is the gold standard for collecting real-time operating data for pump stations and other facilities, and for operations control.<\/p>

Yet, in spite of their sophistication, neither GIS nor SCADA is a predictive tool. GIS is only a spatial frame of reference. SCADAdata offers only a snapshot in time, a report of what has already happened. GTSM offers the next step by integrating spatial data collected by GIS and real-time data collected by SCADA to frame data points to a particular time and space. By generating geospatial time series data, GTSM transforms data into a decision-making tool.<\/p>

Why is geospatial time series data so important? Human beings inherently relate space and time to make a variety of decisions. For example, a police department reallocating officers to better fight crime needs to know more than where crimes occur. The department must also know when the most crimes occur in those locations. With both space and time information, officers can be assigned to appropriate places at the most cost-effective times.<\/p>

INTELLIGENT TECHNOLOGY<\/b> <\/p>

In the same way, agencies need to relate data to both time and space. For example, managing distribution from a particular drinking water reservoir requires more than a map of the reservoir location and a stack of hour-by-hour water level readings. A compilation of reservoir levels over a period of time to represent wet, dry, and average rainfall years, however, provides the right mix of information. Using this geospatial time series, an agency can decide how much water to distribute from the reservoir.<\/p><\/div>

<\/div>

Transforming data into a decision-making tool is a major step. To date, computer applications have fallen far short of replacing human intelligence. Regardless of special features and upgrades, mapping and data collection tools have not eliminated the need for experienced eyes to review the data.<\/p>

\u201cWhat’s lacking in current tools is the ability to forecast,\u201d said Timothy Hance, information support technician III for the El Dorado Irrigation District (EID) in California. \u201cGTSM can answer the questions, \u2018What has happened? What’s going to happen?’ That’s the piece I’m excited about\u2014forecasting and modeling based on real data, not just an estimate.\u201d<\/p>

A MANAGEMENT DASHBOARD<\/b> <\/p>

Besides modeling conditions for specific facilities, GTSM offers managers a means of taking the agency’s pulse at any given moment. Using the easily understood image of a dashboard, GTSM translates an array of data variations into a graphical management tool.<\/p>

Dials on the dashboard would represent parameters such as water supply levels, effluent quality for wastewater discharge regulations, cash flow, and many others. A dial moving from green (good) to yellow (caution) to red (problem) would indicate the status of each parameter. Managers would not have to wade through and interpret raw data or review staff reports using data from past weeks or months. Instead, the dashboard would present the current results of GTSM’s intelligent\u2014and constant\u2014data integration.<\/p>

EID faces daily management challenges across its drinking water, waste-water treatment, recycled water, hydroelectric power generation, and recreation functions. The district is considering GTSM as a tool for managing its varied demands.<\/p>

\u201cFrom a manager’s standpoint, integrated data allows you to discover where there are problem areas and where things are running smoothly,\u201d said Ane Deister, EID general manager. \u201cThat allows managers to carefully borrow staffing and other resources from one area to address the problem area, without creating another problem in the process. This offers some breathing room in management.\u201d<\/p>

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS<\/b> <\/p>

Among other functions, GTSM can:<\/p>

  • Determine the most cost-effective use of power in non-peak periods<\/li>
  • Track peak contaminant loads and times for National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System compliance<\/li>
  • Evaluate a facility’s historic responses to changing conditions, whether natural or operational<\/li>
  • Track trends in customer calls to identify possible service problems.<\/li>

    Without GTSM, public works agencies must make a number of decisions by applying staff time and experience to the significant amounts of data they collect.<\/p>

    \u201cWe collect a lot of information,\u201d said Steve Setoodeh, PhD, EID facilities management department head. \u201cGTSM integrates all of this information and brings it to a summation. That’s much easier to deal with than voluminous data.\u201d<\/p>

    GTSM offers another benefit: By creating a decision-making tool, the technology can help address the loss of experiential knowledge occurring as the number of long-term employees in government agencies dwindles.<\/p><\/div>

    <\/div>

    If an agency has GIS in place, GTSM can be designed and operating in a few months. The value of the transition to GTSM will be apparent in even less time. Agencies that have purchased data collection and mapping programs finally will see their original investments transformed into true decision-making tools. Such a practical, cost-effective outcome puts GTSM on the fast track to becoming a standard tool for public works and other agencies.<\/p>

    \u2014 Wodraska is national director of water resources for the West Palm Beach office of PBS&J; Hampson is water resources technology program manager for the firm’s Tampa office.<\/i><\/p>

    Managing water supplies<\/b> <\/p>

    Water agencies and municipalities are increasingly interested in maximizing the water resources they have. GTSM can help meet water agencies’ goals. The technology started as a decision-making tool for water resource management, and its application offers significant advantages to agencies managing water supplies.<\/p>

    By integrating both SCADA operating data and GIS spatial data, GTSM can relate water level readings, collected over time, to the specific size and shape of a selected water body. Integrating these data creates a meaningful picture of the available water storage and capacity trends for use in reservoir management decisions.<\/p>

    GTSM also enhances the use of hydraulic and hydrologic (H&H) modeling programs. Stream flow data can be related to the specific water body under study, including the flow control structures and natural barriers found there. While typical H&H models consider only a peak flow period, which is a single point in the time series, GTSM considers the entire hydrologic curve. This creates a more accurate picture of flow through both natural supply channels and water treatment facilities.<\/p>

    In addition, water network data\u2014levels, flows, rainfall data\u2014can be provided in GIS terms. By packaging data into geospatial time series data, managers can review short-and long-term storage requirements for a region or a particular reservoir and make reliable system-state predictions. Water managers can accurately determine the impacts of moving water resources from one region to another in their service area and prepare water budgets.<\/p>

    The genesis of GTSM<\/b> <\/p>

    GTSM evolved from the award-winning Arc Hydro Enterprise Database, an application developed by Redlands, Calif.-based ESRI to give the South Florida Water Management District timely, accurate data about South Florida’s hydrology for watershed management. The application formed a unique relational database environment in which natural connections between natural water bodies, control structures, monitoring points, and drainage basins are linked to stored time series data. Combining GIS with time series data provided water balancing information, hydroperiod estimates, and other outcomes to the District for water resource and environmental management. The Arc Hydro Geodatabase and Arc Hydro Tools have become the accepted GIS data model for hydrologic information systems nationwide.<\/p>

    GTSM, the next step from Arc Hydro, was developed by consulting firm PBS&J, in collaboration with the University of Texas Center for Research in Water Resources, ESRI, and DHI Water & Environment, Vero Beach, Fla. Picking up where Arc Hydro leaves off, GTSM translates data into a single, accessible GIS-driven resource. Data, such as those collected with SCADA, are integrated into ESRI’s Arc Hydro geodatabase, and raw data are converted to the right units and format with a GIS framework. The application gives all team members access to time-varying data instantaneously.<\/p><\/div> ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Geographic information systems (GIS) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) are often part of an agency’s standard operating equipment. When the technologies were first introduced, however, many viewed them as specialty products. GIS offered accurate maps in rich detail, but how often would such an elaborate map be needed? SCADA removed the human error […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":63088,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"scheduledNewsletterDates":[],"_scheduled_newsletter_id":0,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"zonda_content_type_url_append":"_o","zonda_dfp_zone":"","zonda_exclude_recommended_contents":false,"zonda_exclude_most_popular":false,"zonda_exclude_tagged_results":false,"zonda_eyebrow":"Water supply & storage","zonda_last_newsletter_date":"2099-12-31T23:59:59.999-05:00","zonda_original_url":"","zonda_pdf_version":0,"zonda_print_headline":"Setting the next standard","zonda_promo_abstract":"Today, GIS and SCADA have been so thoroughly built in to functions from 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