{"id":58739,"date":"1988-08-01T04:00:00","date_gmt":"1988-08-01T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/article\/random-efflorescence_o"},"modified":"1988-08-01T04:00:00","modified_gmt":"1988-08-01T04:00:00","slug":"random-efflorescence_o","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zonda-develop.go-vip.net\/concrete-construction\/how-to\/random-efflorescence_o\/","title":{"rendered":"Random efflorescence"},"content":{"rendered":"

Question:<\/b> White efflorescence stains are appearing at random locations on a brick wall. I know efflorescence is salt drawn to the surface by water. But how do I determine the source of the salts, and why are the salts deposited randomly?<\/p> <\/dt>

Answer:<\/b> To determine the source of the salt, you should have the efflorescence salt deposits chemically analyzed by a testing laboratory, You also can do simple tests in the field. For example, if a drop of acid placed on the salt fizzles, it’s probably calcium carbonate. Once you know what the salt is, you can determine its probable source using the table shown here from the Brick Institute of America (BIA). But you can’t ever be totally certain. Water entering the wall also can carry salt with it. Why is the efflorescence at random spots? It’s probably not<\/b> because the masonry contains random salt deposits. It’s more likely the water drawing the salts to the surface is entering or exiting the masonry at random locations. This could be because at random spots mortar joints were partially filled, mortar beds were furrowed too deep, flashing or caulking was not properly installed, brick was picked up and relaid (thus breaking its bond), or the wall was not protected from weathering.
Common Sources of Efflorescence<\/b><\/td> <\/tr>
Principal Efflorescing Salt<\/td> Chemical Formula<\/td> Most Probable Source<\/td> <\/tr>
Calcium sulfate<\/td> CaSO4<\/sub>\u00b72H2<\/sub>0<\/td> Brick<\/td> <\/tr>
Sodium sulfate<\/td> Na2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>\u00b710H2<\/sub>0<\/td> Cement-brick reactions<\/td> <\/tr>
Potassium sulfate<\/td> K2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub><\/td> Cement-brick reactions<\/td> <\/tr>
Calcium carbonate<\/td> CaCO3<\/sub><\/td> Mortar or
concrete backing<\/td> <\/tr>
Calcium hydroxide<\/td> Ca(OH)2<\/sub><\/td> Cement<\/td> <\/tr>
Sodium carbonate<\/td> Na2<\/sub>CO3<\/sub><\/td> Mortar<\/td> <\/tr>
Potassium carbonate<\/td> K2<\/sub>CO3<\/sub><\/td> Mortar<\/td> <\/tr>
Potassium chloride<\/td> KCl<\/td> Acid cleaning<\/td> <\/tr>
Sodium chloride<\/td> NaCl<\/td> Seawater<\/td> <\/tr>
Vanadyl sulfate<\/td> VOSO4<\/sub><\/td> Brick<\/td> <\/tr>
Vanadyl chloride<\/td> VOCl2<\/sub><\/td> Acid cleaning<\/td> <\/tr>
Manganese oxide<\/td> Mn3<\/sub>O4<\/sub><\/td> Brick<\/td> <\/tr>
Iron oxide<\/td> Fe2<\/sub>O3<\/sub> or Fe(OH)3<\/sub><\/td> Iron in wall<\/td> <\/tr>
Source:<\/b> “Efflorescence Prevention and Control, Part II,” Technical Notes on Brick Construction<\/i>, 23A, Brick Institute of America, 11490 Commerce Park Dr., Reston, VA 22091.<\/font><\/td> <\/tr> <\/tbody> <\/table><\/figure> <\/dd> <\/dl><\/div> ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Question: White efflorescence stains are appearing at random locations on a brick wall. I know efflorescence is salt drawn to the surface by water. But how do I determine the source of the salts, and why are the salts deposited randomly? Common Sources of Efflorescence Principal Efflorescing Salt Chemical Formula Most Probable Source Calcium sulfate […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"scheduledNewsletterDates":[],"_scheduled_newsletter_id":0,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"zonda_content_type_url_append":"_o","zonda_dfp_zone":"","zonda_exclude_recommended_contents":false,"zonda_exclude_most_popular":false,"zonda_exclude_tagged_results":false,"zonda_eyebrow":"","zonda_last_newsletter_date":"2099-12-31T23:59:59.999-05:00","zonda_original_url":"","zonda_pdf_version":0,"zonda_print_headline":"Random efflorescence","zonda_promo_abstract":"White efflorescence stains are appearing at random locations on a brick wall. 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